This final paper investigates the history, properties, stability and application of pigments, based on the available literature. Man has used colors from nature since ancient times, either from minerals in the earth or from plants and animals that surround him. Color was so important to the Egyptians that they even synthesized pigments in a rather complex process to increase their palette. Pigments can be classified in several ways; according to origin, chemical composition, their color or according to their purpose. Most early pigments were inorganic, but both organic and inorganic pigments are used today. Organic pigments are chemically less stable than inorganic ones. But their color intensity is higher and the colors are brighter than inorganic ones. Organic pigments have a lower density than inorganic pigments. Inorganic pigments have great covering power, resistance to the action of the atmosphere, solvents and heat, but their production is cheaper. Inorganic pigments make up 95% of world pigment production. For the purpose of unambiguous classification and identification, pigments and dyes are marked, in addition to the name, with a code according to the index (Color Index) prescribed by competent professional associations in the United Kingdom (Society of Dyers and Colorists) and the USA (American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists). While the properties of (soluble) dyes are determined almost entirely by their chemical components, the application characteristics of pigments - which are by definition insoluble in the medium in which they are applied - are conditioned mainly by their crystalline components i.e. physical characteristics. The application properties of pigments are determined by their chemical components, which in turn affect the physical parameters of the crystal geometry. Of the many good properties that are required of pigments, optical properties are certainly the most important. Light can pass through matter, be reflected from it, or be absorbed by it. If the visible light passes through the substance unchanged, the substance will be colorless, if the light is completely absorbed the substance is black, and if it is fully reflected the substance is white. Partial absorption of visible light is the cause of the coloration of a substance. The color properties of the pigment in the target medium are highly dependent on the particle morphology and particle size distribution. Because a decrease in particle size corresponds to an increase in a specific surface area, the ability to absorb light is therefore increased. Adverse color changes can have four causes; first, chemical interactions can occur within the paint itself; second, chemical interactions may occur between the paint and some other material such as substrates under the paint or inappropriate cleaning agents; third, chemical interactions between the paint and the atmosphere or contaminants may occur; and fourth, there can be different effects of light, often simultaneously involving the atmosphere as well. The application of pigments varies as the colors themselves. Although, whatever the use, the pigment should exist as a dispersion and not as a solution. Undoubtedly the biggest consumer of pigments is the printing industry. The next largest consumer of pigments is the plastics and coatings industry. Other applications that are worth mentioning are in textiles, cosmetics, non-woven fibers, art paints, glass fibers and candle wax. The topic of color preservation is most often the great concern of museum curators, conservators and conservators - restorers. Items for which color preservation is of great importance are; images; textile; positive and negative photographs; drawings and documents on paper, parchment and other substrates; furniture; buildings; and a host of other items of historical and/or artistic importance.