| Abstract | Međunarodna organizacija rada (MOR) definira nezaposlene kao one pojedince koji nemaju posao, ali mogu stupiti na novo radno mjesto u roku od dva tjedna, kao i one osobe koje su u prethodnom mjesecu pokušavale naći posao. Prema ekonomskom tumačenju nezaposlenost može biti: frikcijska, strukturna i ciklička. Neovisno o tome koja se teorija nezaposlenosti prihvati, nezaposlenost izaziva veoma različite posljedice i za pojedinca, ali i za društvo. Kada je u pitanju pojedinac, čitava je lepeza posljedica koje nezaposlenost izaziva ili može izazvati u odnosu na njega. Najvidljivije su dakako, posljedice financijske naravi. Osim za pojedinca nezaposlenost, dakako, proizvodi negativne posljedice i za društvo u cjelini. Nezaposlenost devalvira ili u potpunosti urušava standard ili kvalitetu života u društvu.
Za pojedinca su ekonomske posljedice vidljive u njegovom siromaštvu zbog gubitka prihoda, što opet djeluje na njegovu kupovnu moć kroz njeno smanjenje, a to opet udječe na pad prihoda u raznim dijelovima gospodarstva. Poduzetnici, da bi se prilagodili novom stanju, snižavaju troškove njihovom racionalizacijom, te otpuštaju zaposlenike i tako se nastavlja začarani krug nezaposlenosti.
Problem istraživanja ovog rada je nezaposlenost mladih u EU. Cilj ovog rada je objasniti koji su to faktori koji doprinose povećanju nezaposlenosti mladih, radno zakonodavstvo, kao i politike i mjere borbe protiv krize i nezaposlenosti mladih. Također se na primjeru EU i Hrvatske opisala nezaposlenost mladih. Najveću stopu nezaposlenosti mladih muškog spola imala je Grčka, 42,1%, potom Španjolska, 393%, kao i Hrvatska, sa 32% nezaposlenih. Najveća nezaposlenost žena bila je za sve godine u Grčkoj, dok je najmanja bila u Njemačkoj. Nezaposlenost žena 2019. godine u većini zemalja bila je ispod 10%, u odnosu na 2014. godinu, kada je krivulja samo za četiri članice bila ispod 10%. Stope nezaposlenosti obično su veće za osobe s nižim stupnjem obrazovanja (u usporedbi s osobama s tercijarnom razinom obrazovanja). To se može primijetiti u svim državama članicama EU u svim godinama od 2005. godine. |
| Abstract (english) | The International Labor Organization (ILO) defines the unemployed as those individuals who do not have a job but can take up a new job within two weeks, as well as those persons who have tried to find a job in the previous month. According to the economic interpretation, unemployment can be: frictional, structural and cyclical. Regardless of which theory of unemployment is accepted, unemployment causes very different consequences for both the individual and society. When it comes to the individual, there is a whole range of consequences that unemployment causes or can cause in relation to him. The most visible, of course, are the consequences of a financial nature. Apart from the individual, unemployment, of course, produces negative consequences for society as a whole. Unemployment devalues or completely undermines the standard or quality of life in society. For an individual, the economic consequences are visible in his poverty due to loss of income, which in turn affects his purchasing power through its reduction, and this in turn affects the decline in income in various parts of the economy. Entrepreneurs, in order to adapt to the new situation, reduce costs by rationalizing them, and lay off employees, thus continuing the vicious circle of unemployment.
The research problem of this paper is youth unemployment in the EU. The aim of this paper is to explain the factors that contribute to the increase of youth unemployment, labor legislation, as well as policies and measures to combat the crisis and youth unemployment. Youth unemployment was also described on the example of the EU and Croatia. Greece had the highest unemployment rate for young men, 42.1%, followed by Spain, 393%, and Croatia, with 32% unemployed. The highest unemployment of women was for all years in Greece, while the lowest was in Germany. Women's unemployment in 2019 in most countries was below 10%, compared to 2014, when the curve for only four members was below 10%. Unemployment rates are usually higher for people with a lower level of education (compared to people with a tertiary level of education). This can be seen in all EU Member States in all the years since 2005. |
