In order to prevent adverse events on board, it is important to assess situations that may cause accidents or damage to health, property or the marine environment. By systematically observing and analyzing various work operations, it is possible to implement appropriate protection measures and avoid more serious, unwanted consequences, as well as increase safety. The issue covered by this thesis is the issue of risks in freight transport by sea in a way to identify and analyze hazards / maritime risks in freight transport and explain the methodology of risk assessment, and to provide insight into measures to address the issue of risk in practice. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to point out the possibilities provided by a correct risk assessment, especially in terms of improving maritime safety. This paper discusses the methodology of risk assessment and risk categorization with regard to the consequences and the methodology of preparing a risk control plan related to work activities on board.