| Abstract | Bentoske makroalge u posljednje vrijeme dobivaju značajnu važnost zbog svoje kozmopolitske
rasprostranjenosti, obnovljive prirode i širokog spektra primjene. Prikupljanje prirodnih populacija,
s jednostavnim tehnologijama uzgoja, u velikoj su mjeri evoluirale u azijskim zemljama, pa su na
temeljima tradicije i lako dostupne biomase, postale predmetom brojnih biomedicinskih istraživanja
i sirovina za proizvodnju novih funkcionalnih spojeva. Velika raznolikost morskih staništa pruža
raznovrsne mogućnosti preživljavanja i prilagodbi morskih alga.
Bentoske makroalge su višestanični organizmi i primarni su proizvođači. Njihova prilagodba na
okoliš ovisi o temperaturi, svjetlu, prozirnosti, salinitetu, pigmentaciji, supstratu, gibanju, dubini i
ostalim okolišnim uvjetima. Prisutnost i izobilje sulfatnih saharida koji su ugrađeni u stanične
stijenke makroalga, čine ih ekonomski važnim. Koloidna svojstva ovih polisaharida velike
molekularne mase, poznatih i kao fikokoloidi, našla su primjenu u brojnim industrijama, a u
posljednje vrijeme i u biomedicini. Proizvodi ekstrakcije najvažnijih hidrokoloida, kao što su agar,
karagenan i alginati nalaze se u mnogim komercijalno dostupnim proizvodima na tržištu.
Hidrokoloidi nisu samo sastojci u hrani, već pokazuju različita bioaktivna svojstva i fiziološka
djelovanja koja dobro djeluju na ljudsko zdravlje. Od rane povijesti koriste se u raznim pripravcima,
a moderna znanost unaprijedila je razumijevanje fiziološkog učinka biogenih spojeva i njihove
potencijalne primjene u biomedicini.
Značaj bentoskih makroalga najveći je u prehrambenoj i industriji proizvodnje fikokoloida.
Upotreba makroalga u poljoprivredi, kozmetici, proizvodnji goriva i ekologiji, u posljednje je
vrijeme brzorastući sektor istraživanja. Isto tako, moderna znanstvena otkrića pridonose boljem
razumijevanju bioaktivnih svojstava, biosintetskih putova i njihovih prirodnih spojeva. |
| Abstract (english) | Marine resources have been used for many years because of their bioactive properties. Benthic
macroalgae have recently gained significant importance due to their cosmopolitan distribution,
renewable nature, and wide range of applications. Harvest of wild populations, along with simple
breeding techniques that are largely evolved in Asian countries, has propeled seaweeds to become
the subject of numerous biomedical research studies and a perspective raw material for new
functional compounds. The great diversity of marine habitats provides a variety of opportunities for
thriving and adaptation of seaweeds.
Benthic macroalgae are multicellular organisms are the primary producers. Their adaptation in the
environment depends on temperature, light availability, turbidity, salinity, pigmentation, quality of
substrate, fluxes, depth and other environmental conditions. The frequency and abundance of the
amorphous portion of cell (sulfated polysaccharides) makes this resource economically important.
The colloidal properties of these high molecular weight polysaccharides, also known as
phycocolloids, have found application in numerous industries, and more recently in biomedicine.
Extraction products of the most important hydrocolloids, agar, carrageenan and alginates are found
in many commercially available products on the market. Hydrocolloids are not only ingredients in
food, but show various bioactive properties and physiological effects that have great benefit for
human health. They have been used in various traditional medicine preparations since early history,
while modern science has advanced understandings of physiological effect of these biogenic
compounds and their potential applications in biomedicine.
Their importance is greatest in food and phycocolloid industries. The use of seaweeds in
agriculture, cosmetics, fuel production and ecology has recently been a rapidly growing research
sector. Likewise, modern scientific discoveries contribute to a better understanding of bioactive
properties, and biosynthetic pathways of their natural products. |
