Type 1 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that leads to hiperglycemia. In children, as in adults, energy metabolism is disrupted due to insufficient secretion of insulin or due to its insufficient effect, which affects the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. It occurs in childhood and adolescence. World research data show that an average of 86,000 children in the world get sick each year. The aim of the research: was to investigate the incidence of type 1 diabetes in a 10-year period in the Dubrovnik-Neretva County. The research determined which children's age has the highest number of established diseases, there is a difference in the incidence of the disease according to the sex of the child, and there was a genetic predisposition for the disease in sick children. The research determined how many patients follow health instructions, and how often they go to see a doctor. Subjects and methods: The study was conducted by retrospective analysis of insights into the medical history of patients at the Department of Pediatrics in OB Dubrovnik over a 10-year period. In addition to the available numerical data from the history of the disease, a questionnaire was constructed according to the set goal and was conducted among the parents of sick children. Conclusion: Globally, the incidence of type 1 diabetes is constantly increasing and the data show an increase in the number of patients. In the period 1990.-2000. there were 28 patients, in the period 2001.-2009. there were 38 patients, while in the period 2010.-2020. the number of patients is 51. The study didn't prove a statistically significant difference in gender as a predisposition to the disease. Genetic factors are important, but they are not crucial for the development of the disease. In the conducted research, sick children adhered to health recommendations and regularly went to the doctor for check-ups.