Although economic growth is influenced by more than one variable, nowadays technological progress is considered the main engine of economic activity and the reason for realizing the maximum resource potential. Technological growth plays a role in economic growth, as a dynamic factor denoting systematic changes in the production system of more products, better products, new products and more diverse products. Through research and development, new products and production processes are exploited, which are brought to market “by trial and error”. The successful opening of the economy creates the possibility of foreign direct investment and the transfer of technology and capital from richer and more developed countries to smaller countries and countries with a transition period. Exposure to foreign technologies and competition is ensured by the rapid pace of technological progress, which, in turn, leads to an export orientation of the economy. With the support of the education system, human capital is being created that can support constant technological progress and, consequently, economic growth.