| Abstract | Danas preko 500 milijuna ljudi u svijetu boluje od nekog oblika invaliditeta. Iako se odnos društva prema osobama s invaliditetom kroz povijest stalno mijenjao, pojam invaliditeta je u svojoj srţi ostao nepromijenjen. Pojam invaliditet dolazi od lat. rijeĉi invalidus, podrazumijeva osobu koja je radi tjelesnog ili duševnog oštećenja, djelomiĉno ili potpuno izgubila odreĊenu sposobnost. Godinama kroz povijest, ove su se osobe nalazile na samoj margini društva, odbaĉene, neshvaćene, bez adekvatne skrbi i uskraćenih prava dostojnog ţivljenja. Njihova bolest u prošlosti se smatrala kaznom i bijesom bogova ili se smatralo da nad njima upravljaju neke nadnaravne sile. Kao takve bile su izloţene ubijanjima, muĉenjima, skrivalo ih se i sklanjalo od društva jer su smatrane ukletima. U poĉetku je takve osobe lijeĉio vraĉ, kasnije je skrb o njima bila povjerena svećenicima. Nije bilo nimalo lako imati dijete ili odraslu osobu, odnosno bolesnog ĉlana obitelji u tim vremenima. Takve obitelji bile su prisiljene svoju djecu ostavljati i prepustiti ih sudbini. Na njih se gledalo kao na uklete osobe. Skrb koju im je obitelj pruţala, bila je nedovoljna jer se obitelji nisu imale gdje niti educirati o raznim psihiĉkim poremećajima i bolestima niti im je imao tko pokazati naĉin kako da skrb koju provode bude bolja. Godinama kasnije se mijenjao odnos prema ovim osobama.
Danas postoji cijeli spektar dijagnoza i poremećaja, ali odnos društva prema osobama s intelektualnim teškoćama još uvijek je nepravedan, diskriminirajući i primitivan. Naţalost, te osobe i danas imaju problema s inkluzijom u zajednicu, problema pri zapošljavanju, prepreka na svim mogućim poljima, od ulaska u zgrade gdje ţive pa do ustanova koje trebaju biti na raspolaganju svima na jednak naĉin.
Godinama se koristio naziv osobe s posebnim potrebama, u RH je 2003.g usvojena tzv. Sheratonska deklaracija, prema kojoj je odreĊeno da se za odraslu osobu upotrebljava naziv osobe s invaliditetom, dok se za djecu koristi naziv djeca s teškoćama u razvoju. Zakon o hrv. registru o osobama s invaliditetom ove osobe definira kao osobe koje imaju trajno ograniĉenje, smanjenje ili gubitak sposobnosti izvršavanja neke fiziĉke aktivnosti ili psihiĉke funkcije primjerene ţivotnoj dobi, nastale kao posljedica oštećenja zdravlja. |
| Abstract (english) | Today, over five hundred million people in the world have some sort of disability. Although the society's way of treating disabled people has changed throughout history, the term "disability" has stayed the same in its core. The term "disabled" comes from the Latin word and it refers to a person who has partly or fully lost a certain ability because of physical or mental damage. Over the years, these people have been marginalized, rejected, misunderstood, without proper care and lacking the tools needed to live a dignified life. In the past, their illness was thought of as the God's punishment and fury or it was believed that they were influenced by some paranormal forces. As such, they were killed and tortured, as well as hidden and removed from society because of the belief that they were cursed. In the beginning, those people were treated by a sorcerer and later on by priests. At that time, it wasn't easy to have a sick family member, child or grown-up. Those families were forced to leave their children behind to the hands of fate. They were looked at as if they were cursed, their illness the consequence of God's wrath. The care offered to them by their families was inadequate because the families had nowhere to educate themselves about the variety of mental disorders and illnesses nor did they have anyone to show them how to improve their care. It was years later that the treatment of these people started changing. Today, there is a whole spectrum of diagnoses and illnesses, but the society still acts unjustly, discriminatory and primitively towards people with intellectual disadvantages. Unfortunately, those people still have problems with being included in the community, finding jobs, and they face obstacles in every aspect of their lives, from entering the building they live in to public places which should be accessible to everyone in the same way. For years, the term "people with special needs" has been used, but Croatia has adopted the Sheraton declaration in 2003, according to which an adult person is referred to as "person with disability", whereas the children are referred to as "children with developmental issues". The Croatian registry law of people with disabilities defines these people as individuals with permanent limitations or reduced abilities (or complete lack thereof) of performing some physical activity or age-appropriate psychological function, all of which result from damaged health. |
