Osteoporosis is the most common bone metabolic disease in developed countries, and it is a growing public health problem. Osteoporosis effects the elderly population and the most common bone fractures are caused by falls. There are numerous factors that effects peak bone mass, and their detection allows us to take preventative measures to increase the value of peak bone mass. Childhood and adolescence are a crucial period in human life to achieve peak density. Unhealthy lifestyle increases the risk of osteoporosis. Excessive salt intake and insufficient intake of minerals and vitamins, smoking, alcohol and many other bad habits are causing bone value loss. One of the main risk factors is estrogen deficiency especially expressed in postmenopausal women. Genetic predisposition, adequate intake of food rich in calcium, physical activity, spending time outdoor in fresh air and adequate exposure to the sun, also maintaining adequate body weight are very important. In addition to primary prevention of osteoporosis, it is important to mention secondary prevention. The goal of secondary prevention is to identify and diagnose osteoporosis as early as possible to prevent further complications. Healthy lifestyle is very important in the prevention of osteoporosis. Nurses educates and participates in the development of programs for patients with increased risk for osteoporosis in the purpose of disease prevention. The aim of this study is to present osteoporosis through definition, stages of disease, risk factors, clinical presentation and treatment. The main role for nurses who communicates and who gives principles of application of prevention to patients, is educating and integrating them into various programs for the prevention of disease. The focus of this manuscript is to highlight the risk factors that are influence the causes of the disease, since osteoporosis is one of the leading public health problem and to highlight the importance of healthy habits in the prevention of osteoporosis.