When talking about maritime transport, it should be pointed out that it plays one of the key roles in global trade. More precisely, it is emphasized that maritime transport enables the passage of different types of cargo between continents, thus supporting economic growth. Dry cargoes, such as grain, coal, and ores, represent a diverse category that requires specific handling and transport methods. Liquid cargoes, including oil and chemicals, are transported in specialized tankers that are equipped with advanced technologies to control conditions during transport. Dangerous cargoes, such as explosives and toxic substances, require strict safety measures and adherence to international regulations to prevent incidents and ensure environmental protection. The paper also highlights the importance of port infrastructure, which plays a strategic role in ensuring efficient and safe cargo handling. Modern ports use advanced technologies and automation to increase productivity and reduce the time required to transfer cargo. Port specialization according to the type of cargo, such as container or liquid cargo ports, further contributes to the optimization of the process. Adherence to international standards and the application of modern technologies are key to achieving safe and sustainable maritime transport. Regulations such as the MARPOL Convention and the IMDG Code play a key role in ensuring that the transport of liquid and dangerous goods complies with the highest safety standards. This work provides an insight into the detailed analysis of key challenges and solutions in maritime cargo transport. It provides recommendations for the improvement of this sector in order to increase its efficiency, safety and sustainability in the global economy. Through this analysis, the importance of integrating new technologies and complying with international regulations was highlighted in order to respond to the growing demands of the global market.