During the past, the Croatian economy was subordinated to various foreign interests, and was often used as a cheap source of resources and labor. The subordinate economic position of Croatia within the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy before World War I continued in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians, after 1918. Once the most underdeveloped parts of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, they became economic leaders in the new state community. On the contrary, the advanced Croatian economy in the new state has not been treated on an equal basis. Politically, systematic exploitation, was more organized than in the previous state community. Croatia's agriculture in the period between the two world wars was marked by: crisis, agrarian overcrowding, tiny and small peasant estates, incomplete and improperly implemented agrarian reform, and negative attitude of the Belgrade authorities towards Croatian agriculture. Based on relevant literature, the paper presents conditions in Croatian agriculture within the monarchist Yugoslavia.