The aim of this paper is to show the impact of non-tariff trade barriers and measures of new protectionism on international trade, with particular reference to the European Union. Non-tariff trade barriers and new protectionism are non-transparent measures and procedures that have potentially discriminatory and protectionist impact, whose application negatively affects foreign companies. Non-tariff trade barriers include quotas, technical and administrative barriers, international cartels and dumping. Measures of new protectionism include subsidies and voluntary export restrictions. Due to non-transparency, it is difficult to determine the existence of NTB and measure their effect because they occur in different forms and are implemented in different ways. In addition to the different existing frequency-type measures, price and trade volume comparisons, as well as industry-specific producer support assessments and consumer support assessments, the competent organisations – the WTO and the EU, the European Commission endeavor to protect economies from the impact of barriers, reduce impact, investigate, resolve disputes. The implementation of barriers reduces the volume of international trade, slows down trade, distorts trade flows, makes imports more difficult, resulting in higher prices or quantitatively limiting it. Consumers face fewer choices, higher prices, certain barriers take away their consumer surplus and they indirectly fund subsidies.