| Sažetak | Predmet ove studije je kulturni identitet u ranome novom vijeku na primjerima petorice suvremenika koji su živjeli u tome vremenu. Svi potječu s graničnog habsburško-osmansko-mletačkog područja pa su kao kontekst objašnjene okolnosti života na višegraničju. Granično područje sa sobom nosi posebne okolnosti koje nisu bile, ili su barem u manjem obimu bile prisutne na ostalim mjestima. Prvenstveno je riječ o stalnoj ratnoj opasnosti i većem stupnju nasilja u svakodnevici. Druga bitna odlika višegraničja o kojem ovdje govorimo je multikulturalnost. Ispremiješanost stanovništva rezultat je osmanskog prodora i izbjegličkog vala, kao i kolonizacije novog stanovništva s namjerom da se demografska i gospodarska slika popravi. Neki od navedenih primjera rođeni su u kršćanskim obiteljima i prešli su na islam, dragovoljno ili ne, tijekom službe u Osmanskom Carstvu. Mehmed-paša Sokolović i Josip Mašković važni su za ovu temu jer su se uspjeli uspeti na hijerarhijskoj ljestvici i izgraditi impresivne karijere u Osmanskom Carstvu usprkos svome skromnome podrijetlu i kršćanskoj pozadini, te pri tome kod njih nije došlo do potpunog raskida s prošlošću, već se može govoriti o kontinuitetu i dogradnji njihovog identiteta. Kod Matije Nikole Iljanovića također ne možemo govoriti o potpunom raskidu iako je njegov životni put potpuno drugačiji od prethodne dvojice. On je u mladoj dobi kao rob odveden od strane Osmanlija i vjerojatno je obavljao neku vojničku funkciju, da bi u jednom trenutku prebjegao na habsburšku stranu. U njegovom slučaju za temu rada je važno njegovo djelo koje je napisao nakon bijega a u kojem izlaže svoj pogled na osmanski državni sustav, smisao za pravdu i islamsku religiju. Sudbina dvojice Istranina svjedočanstva su njihovih različitih iskustava. Dok je u prvom slučaju neimenovani Plominjanin odveden u ropstvo i obraćen na islam te je godinama potisnuo i čuvao svoj stari identitet i vjeru, drugom je Istraninu neprijatelj možda spasio život. Iako su u sukobu jedan drugome bili spremni oduzeti život, osmanski je kapetan saznavši da je Istranin optužen za kukavičluk u borbi odlučio svjedočiti u njegovu korist. Slučaj Nikole Matije Iljanovića fokusiran je na pogled na „drugoga“, a slučajevi dvojice Istranina na odnos prema „drugome“. Cilj je rada na temelju ovih slučajeva pružiti slojevitu sliku kulturnog identiteta u ranome novom vijeku. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | The subject of this study is cultural identity in the early modern period, based on five examples
of contemporaries who lived in that time. All of them come from the Habsburg Ottoman
Venetian border area, so the circumstances of life on multi border area are explained as a contest.
The border area brings with it special circumstances that were not, or at least were present to a
lesser extent, in other places. Primarily the constant threat of war and a greater degree of
violence in everyday life. Another important feature of the multi border area we are talking about
here is multiculturalism. The mixed population is the result of the Ottoman invasion and the
wave of refugees, as well as the colonization of the new population with the intention of
improving the demographic and economic picture. Some of the aforementioned examples were
born into Christian families and converted to Islam, willingly or not, during service in the
Ottoman Empire. The cases of Mehmed paša Sokolović and Josip Maš ković are important for
this topic because they managed to succeed and climb on the hierarchical scale building
impressive careers for themselves in the Ottoman Empire despite their humble origin and
Christian background. At the same time they did not completely break up with their past, but we
can rather talk about the continuity and development of their identity. In case of Matija Nikola
Iljanović, we also cannot talk about a complete breakup, even though his life path is completely
different from the previous two. He was taken as a slave by the Ottomans at a young age and
probably performed some military function, only to defect to the Habsburg side at one point. In
his case, his work, which he wrote after his escape, i s important for the topic of this study, in
which he presents his view on the Ottoman state system, his sense of justice and the Islamic
religion. The fate of the two Istrians is the testimony of their different experiences. While in the
first case, the unnamed boy from Plomin was taken into slavery and converted to Islam, and for
years he suppressed and preserved his old identity and religion, in the second case of Istrian
captain Sudarević, his enemy may have saved his life. Although they were ready t o take each
other's lives in battle , the Ottoman captain, learning that Sudarević was accused of cowardice in
battle, decided to testify in his favor. The case of Nikola Matija Iljanović is focused on the view
of the "other", and the cases of the two Istrians on the attitude towards the "other". The aim of
the work based on these cases is to provide a layered picture of cultural identity in the early
modern period. |
