Diabetes (diabetes mellitus) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic high blood sugar levels because of impaired insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The clinical picture of diabetes in children refers to the often profuse urination, fatigue / weakness, blurred vision, thirst and rapid weight loss. The main characteristic of type 1 diabetes is an absolute lack of insulin, which is in childhood and adolescence is usually caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. It is thought that the autoimmune process starts in a predetermined organism genetically wanting insufficiently defined stimulus from the environment. Diabetes mellitus type 2 until recently was exclusively a disease of adults. However, in recent times, with the obesity epidemic that affects all age groups, this type of diabetes is met and the children. Occurs due to the resistance of tissues to insulin, and a relative lack of insulin. It is believed that, with overweight in the development of type 2 diabetes has an important role and a genetic propensity. The role of nurses in life of children with diabetes is directly providing physical care in order to preserve, promote and improve the health of the child. Through health care seeks to teach the child and his family to maintain a healthy lifestyle and to adjust to the changed situation, and also what is important is to prevent acute and chronic complications which are connected to diabetes.