Pigmentation disorders are due to increased or decreased pigmentation deposits in the skin, hair and eyes. The increased amount of pigment leads to hyperpigmentation. Pigment deficiency is called depigmentation, while partial pigment loss is called hypopigmentation. Both depigmentation and hypopigmentation diseases may be inherited or acquired. In this paper we describe several of the most common diseases resulting from pigmentation disorders with special attention to albinism and vitíligo, genetic basis of albinism, their clinical picture, diagnostic and therapeutic options and quality of life in patients. Albinism is a disease that belongs to hereditary depigmentation when there is absence of melanin pigment in the skin, hair and eyes. The disease is due to a congenital defect in the production and transport of melanin. We distinguish two main shapes: ocular and oculocutaneous. Vitiligo is the acquired loss of functional melanocytes resulting in areas of depigmentation of the skin and mucous membranes. Patients with a clinical image of depigmentation face many problems every day, such as verbal violence, stigmatization and rejection, which all lead to negative feelings of shame, discomfort, low self-esteem and poor self-image of their body. In addition, patients also face a lack of adequate therapy. All these difficulties reduce and adversely affect the quality of life, so it is necessary to draw the attention of health professionals to the psychological and social problems that patients encounter on a daily basis, familiarize the population with these diseases and educate the family of patients in order to provide adequate support. Patients also require daily photoprotection and avoiding exposure to the sun, as well as regular monitoring of dermatologists and oftalmologa due to early occurrence of skin and eye cancers. In particular, as today, associations of patients forming through social networks can significantly help.